Prolonged overall survival is observed with maintenance avelumab in advanced urothelial carcinoma

Treatment of advanced urothelial carcinoma (UC) with maintence avelumab (Bavencio) plus best supportive care (BSC) vs BSC alone was associated with prolonged overall survival, according to a recent study.

The findings were observed in patients with UC that has not progressed with first-line platinum-containing chemotherapy. The study, derived from long-term follow-up data from the phase 3 JAVELIN Bladder 100 trial (NCT02603432), was presented at the 2022 American Urological Association Annual Meeting in New Orleans, Louisiana.^1,2

Petros Grivas, MD, PhD

These results further support the standard-of-care role of avelumab as frontline maintenance in this patient population, according to the authors, led by Petros Grivas, MD, PhD, global co-principal investigator on the JAVELIN Bladder 100 trial and associate professor and clinical director of the Genitourinary Cancers Program at Seattle Cancer Care Alliance, and associate professor, Division of Medical Oncology, University of Washington School of Medicine.

The multicenter, multinational, randomized, open-label, parallel-arm JAVELIN Bladder 100 trial examined avelumab plus the BSC vs BSC alone in patients with advanced UC that had not progressed with first-line platinum-containing chemotherapy.

A total of 700 patients with unresectable locally advanced or metastatic UC without disease progression with 4-6 cycles of first-line gemcitabine plus cisplatin or carboplatin were randomized in a 1:1 ratio to receive avelumab in addition to BSC or BSC alone. There were 350 participants per arm, 358 of which had PD-L1-positive tumors (51.1%).

In the experimental arm, arm A, patients were administered a 1-hour intravenous (IV) infusion of avelumab every 2 weeks in 4-week cycles along with the BSC which was administered as deemed appropriate by the treating physician, while arm B administered patients the BSC alone.

The primary end point of the study was OS as assessed from randomization to discontinuation from the study, death, or date of censoring, whichever occurred first, in all patients. Secondary end points included progression-free survival (PFS), safety, objective response, time to tumor response, duration of response, percentage of participants with disease control, and more.

With extended follow-up of a median 38 months in both arms for all patients and at a data cutoff of June 4, 2021, the OS was significantly longer in the avelumab plus BSC vs BSC alone arm in all randomized patients, as well as in patients with PD-L1-positive tumors. These findings remained consistent with previous conclusions, and an OS benefit was observed across prespecified subgroups.

PFS assessed by investigators was longer in patients administered avelumab plus BSC compared to those given BSC alone in all randomized patients and in patients with PD-L1-positive tumors. A total of 185 patients (52.9%) within the avelumab plus BSC arm and 185 patients (52.9%) in the BSC alone arm received a subsequent anticancer drug therapy, including a PD-L1 inhibitor in 40 (11.4%) vs 186 (53.1%) patients.

In regard to safety, long-term data was consistent with previous avelumab monotherapy studies, with no new safety signals.

References:

1. Grivas P, Bellmunt J, Park SH et al. Avelumab first-line maintenance for advanced urothelial carcinoma: Long-term follow-up results from the JAVELIN bladder 100 trial. Presented at: 2022 AUA Annual Meeting; New Orleans, LA; May 13-16, 2022. Abstract PD10-02
2. A study of avelumab in patients with locally advanced or metastatic urothelial cancer (JAVELIN Bladder 100). ClinicalTrials.gov. Accessed May 12, 2022. https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02603432