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Articles

"Glean will enable patients to void naturally, without catheters in place. I believe this advance will yield a better test that mimics actual symptoms," says Bilal I. Chughtai, MD. 

FDA grants 510(k) clearance to Glean Urodynamics System

professor and chair of urology at the University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center in Oklahoma City, is co-editor in chief of 

"We must lobby to maintain our current funding levels and push for increased support to continue driving progress in cancer care," says Michael S. Cookson, MD, MMHC, FACS.

The importance of federal funding in cancer research: A call to action

“The data presented at EAU25 add to the growing body of evidence supporting the CVAC System as the emerging standard of care in kidney stone removal,” says Brett Johnson, MD. 

CVAC2 shows safety, efficacy for stone clearance in real-world study

A recap of the FDA submissions and regulatory decisions in urology from March 2025.

FDA updates in urology: March 2025

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Clinical Focus

Jason Hafron, MD; Aaron D. Berger, MD; Arpeet Shah, MD

Medical Crossfire® in Adjunctive Testing: Charting a New Course in Prostate Cancer Risk Assessment

, discusses the use of vaginal estrogen. Winter is a urologist and sexual medicine expert in Los Angeles, California.

This discussion originally took place during a live X (formerly Twitter) Spaces event held by Urology Times®. To begin the discussion, Winter explains how she first became interested in advocating for this therapy, noting a lack of education in her early training. During the discussion, Winter also shares insight on the conditions that vaginal estrogen can be used to treat, safety data on the medication, and the different forms that may be given to patients.

, or anywhere that podcasts are available.

In this episode of Speaking of Urology®, Ashley G. Winter, MD, discusses the use of vaginal estrogen. 

Speaking of Urology: Dr. Winter on the use of vaginal estrogen

® Assistant Editor Janelle Hart spoke with 

about a study that was presented at the 2022 Society of Women in Urology Annual Clinical Mentoring Conference. The study investigates the quality of information regarding recurrent urinary tract infections on the social media platform Reddit. Malik is an assistant professor of surgery and director of female pelvic medicine and reconstructive surgery at the University of Maryland School of Medicine in Baltimore.

“I think we as urologists have to be proactive in providing information to our patients so that they avoid financial harm and potentially bodily harm from this sort of misinformation,” says Rena D. Malik, MD.

 Dr. Malik evaluates quality of Reddit content on recurrent UTIs

. He discusses the stigmas associated with vaginal mesh surgery, and how it is the urologist’s responsibility to set the expectations for their patients in terms of possible complications with different slings. Blaivas is a professor of urology in the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai in New York City, New York.

“To me, the overwhelming thing is understanding that treatments are, by and large, effective,” says Jerry G. Blaivas, MD, FACS.

Destigmatizing Urology: Dr. Blaivas discusses vaginal mesh surgery 

In this episode, we continue a series of podcasts on the topic of genitourinary syndrome of menopause, or GSM. Over the course of this series, 

 will discuss why it is important for urology providers to be educated regarding this condition, how to diagnose it in patients, and how to treat it. Rubin is a board-certified urologist with fellowship training in sexual medicine. She is an assistant clinical professor in urology at Georgetown University and has a private practice in the Washington DC area. In this episode, Rubin discusses common symptoms of GSM to look for and how a physical exam for GSM should be conducted. She spoke with 

"Many people do not examine patients who come in with urinary tract infections or overactive bladder symptoms, and it’s a mistake,” says Rachel S. Rubin, MD.

How to diagnose and treat patients with genitourinary syndrome of menopause

They discuss the efficacy of telehealth visits and how their 

 study, “Patient satisfaction and savings, and clinical outcomes of televisits in female pelvic medicine and reconstructive surgery at an urban academic center,” supports a bright future for telemedicine. Abraham is an associate professor and residency director of the department of urology at Montefiore Medical Center, and Shin is a medical student at the Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York.

“Our study strongly suggests that telemedicine can become the mainstay of treatment within FPMRS even after the COVID-19 pandemic has ended,” says Christina Shin, BA.

How FPMRS patients are reacting to televisits

® Managing Editor Ben Saylor spoke with 

 She discusses the safety and feasibility of same-day discharge after female pelvic medicine and reconstructive surgery cases. Zillioux is a urologist at Cleveland Clinic.

“Same-day discharge is safe and feasible across a broad spectrum of FPMRS cases,” says Jacqueline Zillioux, MD.

Dr. Jacqueline Zillioux discusses same-day discharge after FPMRS cases

The test can deliver diagnostic results for chlamydia, gonorrhea, and trichomoniasis.

FDA grants marketing authorization to at-home diagnostic test for STIs

"I think [gepotidacin] gives a different side effect profile available to the clinicians, and I think for patients as well, it provides a better, more durable option over time," says Ryan Haumschild, PharmD, MS, MBA, CPEL.

Expert discusses unique mechanism of action of UTI treatment gepotidacin

The approval is supported by data from the phase 3 EAGLE-2 and EAGLE-3 trials.

FDA approves gepotidacin for uncomplicated UTI 

"The findings from this study will help us understand sunobinop’s potential as a possible new treatment option for this chronic disorder,” said Craig Landau, MD.

Study progresses of sunobinop for interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome

When evaluating a patient for pelvic organ prolapse and weighing what treatment course to recommend, Anna Myers, CNP, highlighted the importance of taking into account the patient’s symptoms.

“Did they come to me because they're in hydronephrosis, their kidney function is going down the drain, and they're not able to empty their bladder? That’s a patient [in whom] we're going to have to immediately intervene. They're going to need a pessary, surgery, maybe both, so we can get things taken care of. If it's a patient who comes in and it was just incidentally noted that they had a prolapse, per se on an exam, but they're not having any symptoms—there are no bladder symptoms, like frequency, urgency, leakage; they're not having frequent urinary tract infections; they’re able to empty their bladder, they're not having any pain—then we can monitor. Everybody else is sort of somewhere in between there,” said Myers, a certified nurse practitioner with University Hospitals in Cleveland, Ohio.

®, Myers also touched on how she tailors management of overactive bladder (OAB) in her practice.

“What's really cool about overactive bladder is that, it's not like high blood pressure. They do not have to leave this office with a pill in hand. I can really get to know the patient, really hear [from] them [about] what else is going on in their life. Are they already taking a lot of medications and they don't want another medication?...Will they follow my lead on behavioral modifications?...Will they attend pelvic floor physical therapy? Do they even have a ride to get to pelvic floor physical therapy? And would they do the exercises?” Myers said.

Why a personalized approach is key to prolapse and OAB management

Myers also highlighted the number of third-line interventions available for OAB.

“Our third-line options are terrific. Neuromodulation has been around for about 25, 30 years, and it has gotten so much better in the past 5 years. Now, the devices are MRI compatible. Battery life is 15 to 20 years. We also have Botox, which now people feel very comfortable with…And then we also have the percutaneous tibial [nerve stimulation]. I've done that since around 2015-16, and it's been out longer than that. But now we have, more recently, an implantable device, which we're doing a study on here at UH, and eventually, that'll be something that people can even [have implanted] in the office,” Myers said.

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“What's really cool about overactive bladder is that, it's not like high blood pressure. They do not have to leave this office with a pill in hand," says Anna Myers, CNP.

®, Anna Myers, CNP, a certified nurse practitioner with University Hospitals in Cleveland, Ohio, was asked how she approaches differential diagnosis, given the overlap between urological and gynecological conditions in her patient population.

“When patients come to me and they fill out their intake form, along with asking about pelvic pain and overactive bladder symptoms and urinary tract infections and that sort of thing, I have a screening tool called the Decreased Sexual Desire Screener, and it's just a simple, short screening tool,” Myers explains.

The first 4 questions, she said, help to determine whether a patient has decreased desire.

“A lot of times…decreased desire is affected by everything else: pain with sex, orgasm, arousal. Because if none of that is good, then desire isn't going to be good either,” Myers said.

The fifth question, Myers said, “details the different issues that could be [happening]. Oftentimes women, they know what's going on. Is it a relationship thing? Is it a hormonal thing?”

Anna Myers, CNP, discusses history taking and performing a physical exam

Anna Myers, CNP, on the overlap between urological and gynecological conditions

Myers also talked about obtaining a thorough history from patients, where we just sit and we listen to our patients, we try to not talk, and we just try to let them tell us what's going on.”

Myers discussed the physical exam as well.

“If it's pain with insertion, I do my exam, I really get into the details with a Q tip. I lightly touch them on their vulva, and I find out, is this pain more in the vestibule area? Is this hormonal related? Is it related to nerves? Is it related to infections that they've been having? Is it related to a skin condition, [such as] lichen sclerosis?”

"A lot of times…decreased desire is affected by everything else: pain with sex, orgasm, arousal. Because if none of that is good, then desire isn't going to be good either," says Anna Myers, CNP.

Sarah Ponce discusses the study “Pelvic and Vulvovaginal Pain in Medical Trainees"

Sarah Ponce discusses pelvic and vulvovaginal pain among medical trainees

 discusses the study “Pelvic and Vulvovaginal Pain in Medical Trainees,” which she presented at the 2024 Sexual Medicine Society of North America Fall Scientific Meeting. Ponce is an MD/MPH candidate at Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles.

Please provide an overview of this paper and its notable findings.

Pelvic and vulvovaginal pain includes diagnoses like interstitial cystitis, vulvodynia and vestibulodymia, endometriosis, and pelvic floor dysfunction, and it's very prevalent in the general population, up to 20%, so we wanted to look at the specific experiences of medical trainees with these conditions. So we did a survey that was adapted from the Vulvar Pain Questionnaire and Sexual Distress Scale, as well as the Perceived Stress Scale. We disseminated it this year in 4 major regions of the US, different medical institutions. We had 66 respondents, and 48% of those did say that they had functionally limiting pelvic pain, including in their vulva, vagina, urethra, or bladder for 14 days out of a given month at least.

And of those with pain, it appeared that the Vulvar Pain Questionnaire scores and the Perceived Stress scores did increase by year in medical school. These symptoms are also interfering with their medical duties, their trainee duties, in particular in the realms of focus and productivity. Every respondent did say that it was important that their medical institution require education around these conditions. All but one said that their education was inadequate in this area, and this possibly is affecting them, because most said that there was no change in their ability to manage or understand their condition following their medical education thus far, and as far as health care seeking, one-third of those with pain have not pursued a diagnosis or have not discussed their symptoms with a provider as of yet. We did a qualitative survey for this section, and reasons for this included inadequate education around potential etiologies, health care costs, feelings of hopelessness around available medical treatments, and perceived stigma in their institution. So overall, this highlights the prevalence and barriers to care for this patient population and the need for more supportive environments and advocacy for treatment in the future physician work force.

This transcript was AI generated and edited by human editors for clarity.

The study investigates pelvic and vulvovaginal pain among medical trainees, revealing a significant prevalence of functionally limiting pain affecting nearly half of respondents. Pain severity and stress levels increased with each year of medical training, impacting focus and productivity. Despite the high prevalence, education on these conditions was deemed inadequate, with many trainees not seeking diagnosis or discussing symptoms due to stigma, costs, and lack of knowledge. The findings underscore the need for improved education and supportive environments to address these barriers and enhance future physicians' understanding and management of such conditions.

"We had 66 respondents, and 48% of those did say that they had functionally limiting pelvic pain...for 14 days out of a given month at least," says Sarah Ponce.

Shaya Taghechian, MD, offers advice for health care professionals interested in starting/expanding a sexual wellness/aesthetics practice

Expert offers advice on starting a sexual wellness/aesthetics practice

 offers advice for health care professionals interested in starting/expanding a sexual wellness/aesthetics practice. Taghechian is a urologist with Georgia Urology.

What advice do you have for other health care professionals looking to start/expand a sexual wellness and aesthetics practice?

I would say this is unlike normal aesthetic practice. This is not Botox and fillers and things like that. It's very specific to vulva/vagina. If you're interested, first of all, that's fantastic. We need more ambassadors here. But you need to take the time out to find those people who can teach you and train you. And don't just jump into it without knowing what the heck you're doing. Because, again, we're here to serve patients and not to make things worse for them. We want to make things better for them. There are different meetings around the world within the United States. There are cosmetic gynecologists who are available and ready and willing to teach around the US, around the world. It's a very welcoming community, and they want more people to be doing this for patients out there. The number 1 thing is, go get educated. Because there's no formal education. Go and do it, and then bring that to your patients, and just be excited about it. You have to have a passion for it. If you have a passion for it, it's easy to do. You want to go into this for the right reasons, and those reasons are to make your patients’ lives better. This is not something you want to pursue for monetary reasons. That shouldn't be in medicine, period. Do it for the right reasons, and you will be successful.

This transcription was edited for clarity.

"You have to have a passion for it. If you have a passion for it, it's easy to do," says Shaya Taghechian, MD.

Gamal M. Ghoniem, MD, FACS, ABU/FPMRS, discusses pelvic pain and vesicovaginal fistula. 

Expert discusses pelvic pain and vesicovaginal fistula

 discusses pelvic pain and vesicovaginal fistula. Ghoniem is Emeritus Professor of Urology at UCI School of Medicine.

What are some underreported aspects of female urology?

I think what you don't know, you don't see. That's the principle. I think pelvic pain is 1 of the areas that really needs more attention. And I know many young investigators are looking into that recently, but there is no real breakthrough to control pain, painful bladder and so on. I think that area really needs more attention. I'd like to see also many young urologists in the field go overseas and work on vesicovaginal fistula, to have the experience and to see the extent [of it]. It's a very devastating condition for young women...Having experience in that would be very good for younger urologists and gynecologists in the field. Traveling abroad to the developing countries like in Africa and Asia also. This is a huge problem; the WHO supported efforts in [this area], but women suffering from this is really a big problem. These are young women who get married early and have a baby. And then, as you know, not every area is close to a medical center or a hospital. So they have a problem getting there. Whether they go buy a cart, or whatever, it takes time. So it's a prolonged labor. And that produces pressure on the bottom of the bladder and necrosis, sloughing, and then a fistula happens between the bladder and vagina. It has a lot of effects and social effects. A lot of men will divorce them; [the women] become outcasts in their community. That would be a good area to get trained to do. There are many fistula centers in Africa and Asia and, I encourage [urologists] to look for them.

"I think pelvic pain is 1 of the areas that really needs more attention," says Gamal M. Ghoniem, MD, FACS, ABU/FPMRS.

Shaya Taghechian, MD, gives an overview of her women’s sexual health and cosmetic gynecology practice

Dr. Taghechian on her women’s sexual health practice

 gives an overview of her women’s sexual health and cosmetic gynecology practice. Taghechian is a urologist with Georgia Urology.

Please provide an overview of Aayla, including what conditions are treated and what treatments are provided.

Aayla is dedicated specifically to women's sexual health and I would say some cosmetic gynecology as well. There is a severe lack of treatment when it comes to women's sexual health. There's sort of a lack of ownership in this space. A patient may go to gynecology and may say, "I have a lack of libido, things don't feel the same." And often, I hear, "They did an exam on me, and they said, nothing was wrong. And, this is just the way it's going to be." So nothing happens there. And then they'll come to the urologist, and they may say the same thing, because they may have a female provider and they may feel comfortable speaking with that female provider. But same thing, we say, "We're urologists, [we treat] bladder, kidneys; we don't know what to do." So then nobody takes care of it, even though the patients may have voiced their concern, they're still ignored. A lot of that was happening in my practice. I've been in practice somewhere around 15 years, and it was getting really old. Sometimes, you just have to go out and learn and innovate and bring something into your practice that you didn't learn in medical school, or wasn't out there in residency. So that's how it came about. In terms of cosmetic gynecology, I tell my patients that every vulva is normal. We know that. They come in different shapes, different sizes; there is no "perfect" or "normal." It just doesn't exist. But there are often women who have functional issues with the vulva. [They] have discomfort or pain, because of the way it's shaped or how long labia are. And there are folks out there who offer what's called labiaplasty. But are they qualified to be doing a labiaplasty? Usually, I think it's been plastic surgeons and I am not saying plastic surgeons are bad, horrible people, nothing like that. But honestly, when's the last time a plastic surgeon did a pelvic exam? Do they know what they're looking at? Do they know the structures of the vulva and the vagina, where certain nerves are or how the vagina or vulva age as the patient gets older, like what changes occur? They're not thinking about those things. They're not necessarily trained in those things. And so I don't know if that's the perfect person to be doing cosmetic gynecology. Now, if the patient brings their concerns to the gynecologist, well, they haven't necessarily been trained in plastic surgery either. So there again, is this gap. For me, personally, I thought, who better? I have urologic expertise. I'm in the pelvis all the time. I'm working in the vaginal area all the time, with women who have incontinence, doing surgeries, slings, Bulkamid, what have you. I can learn how to do those plastic surgery procedures. I really enjoyed it. I found people around the world who were already doing it and got trained. It's not that there's nobody doing it. It's a very small world, cosmetic gynecology. So I went and got training and brought that back to my patients, and I love it. And the results are fantastic and the patients are happy. And I feel like we're really doing them a service, making their lives better, not maiming them. There's no "botched" here, because we know what we're doing.

This transcription has been edited for clarity.

"There is a severe lack of treatment when it comes to women's sexual health," says Shaya Taghechian, MD.

Dr. Tabakin on “Vaginal Estrogen Prescribing and Cost Trends Among Medicare Part D Beneficiaries.” 

Expert urges patient education on vaginal estrogen products

paper “Vaginal Estrogen Prescribing and Cost Trends Among Medicare Part D Beneficiaries.” Tabakin is a fellow in female pelvic medicine and reconstructive surgery at the Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Great Neck, New York.

The abstract mentions a subanalysis on OB-GYN-specific trends. Did this subanalysis reveal any significant differences in prescribing patterns compared with other specialties?

We chose to perform a subanalysis on OB-GYN-specific trends because they comprise the majority of all prescribers at about 60%. Surprisingly, we observed similar trends in this group. There was a decrease in the total number of vaginal estrogen claims as well as prescribers. But 1 difference, however, was that the overall median spending per claim decreased during this 5-year study period. When looking at individual vaginal estrogen products prescribed by OB-GYNs, median spending per claim for Vagifem and Yuvafem decreased and median spending per claim increased for Estrace and Estring.

Beyond cost, are there any additional factors you believe might be influencing the utilization and accessibility of vaginal estrogen for Medicare Part D beneficiaries?

Patient education is a really important factor. Currently, the FDA requires that all estrogen-containing products carry a black box warning. When a patient goes to the pharmacy to pick up a vaginal estrogen product, they'll see that the packaging states that there's an increased risk for breast cancer, endometrial cancer, cardiovascular events, probable dementia, and these are the risks for oral estrogen, but they don't pertain to vaginal estrogen because it's not absorbed into the bloodstream in an appreciable manner. There are a lot of data to demonstrate that low-dose vaginal estrogen is safe and isn't associated with these risks. But if patients aren't properly educated, they're going to be less likely to use it.

"When looking at individual vaginal estrogen products prescribed by OB-GYNs median spending per claim for Vagifem and Yuvafem decreased and median spending per claim increased for Estrace and Estring," says Alexandra Tabakin, MD.

Raveen Syan, MD, FPMRS, shares her thoughts on the 2024 Society of Urodynamics, Female Pelvic Medicine & Urogenital Reconstruction Winter Meeting

Dr. Syan shares her thoughts on SUFU 2024

 shares her thoughts on the 2024 Society of Urodynamics, Female Pelvic Medicine & Urogenital Reconstruction Winter Meeting. Syan is an assistant professor in clinical urology at the University of Miami Desai Sethi Urology Institute in Miami, Florida.

SUFU in 24 was another great meeting. The best thing about SUFU is always that you see the young trainees really start to build their skills as speakers and presenting their research. I was moderating the fellows forum, and [there is] really great research coming out of these different institutions. You really see rising stars. [It's] so wonderful to see young trainees getting engaged in the world of urogynecology and pelvic reconstruction. A lot of what they were focusing on were things like quality-of-life outcomes, or outcomes related to new innovations, such as new implantable tibial devices. That was really exciting. It's always good to see the emerging young doctors succeed and have interest. It was very interesting to hear about all these new implantable tibial devices and hear how well they're doing. What's interesting is they're all slightly nuanced, so I think as a provider, it will be a journey to figure out what I would recommend the most, what I think is best for the patient. But at the end of the day, it's nice to have a tailored approach and options available for the individual patient. Other things that stood out to me at the talk [included] the basic science component at SUFU. It starts off the course. It's always great for someone who's not a basic scientist like myself, to hear a really good summary, which is what was done on Friday morning. It was really interesting to hear that apparently umbrella cells are the new hot cell of the bladder, and I am excited to hear more about that, and how that may influence the physiology of the bladder and bladder symptoms. It was also a great hotel; they chose an excellent spot in beautiful Fort Lauderdale. And at the end of the meetings, a lot of us would meet at night, and it was just a great way to interact on an informal level and continue to build our networking and collaboration. It's a really important thing to create that interfacing; that's how new research [and] new ideas are formulated. One of the very interesting talks was the SOTA Lecture, where Dr. Andrew C. Peterson describes the end stage bladder, and it's always great to hear from experts and experienced clinicians about how they handle these very difficult cases. And I think that's one of the things SUFU does best, which is showcase these challenging, difficult-to-treat situations and really helps contextualize it. He did a great job of explaining how should we define the end stage bladder? Because that's a little vague. And then how do we talk to patients about it, and most importantly, what do patients have to say? And he shared a beautiful video by a patient who talked about how difficult that decision was to do some major surgery and how incredibly impactful in a positive way undergoing that surgery was. So it was great to hear, as a younger clinician, how others talk to patients, how patients do, how do we face these difficult challenges. SUFU is a fantastic organization where they're very much focused on partnership between all stages of your career: research, clinical care, outcomes. And SUFU really leads the nation in terms of defining urogynecologic problems and how we should treat [them] expertly with care and with attention to what's important to patients. It's a meeting I look forward to every year because I learn so much. I have the opportunity, I feel, to share what I am learning and every time I leave the meeting, I just feel reinvigorated, refreshed, and excited about this field that we're a part of.

The 2024 Society of Urodynamics, Female Pelvic Medicine & Urogenital Reconstruction Winter Meeting highlighted the development of young trainees in urogynecology and pelvic reconstruction, focusing on quality-of-life outcomes and innovations like implantable tibial devices. The meeting emphasized the importance of networking and collaboration in advancing research and clinical practice. Key discussions included the role of umbrella cells in bladder physiology and the management of end-stage bladder conditions. The event underscored SUFU's commitment to integrating research, clinical care, and patient-centered approaches in urogynecology.

"Every time I leave the meeting, I just feel reinvigorated, refreshed, and excited about this field that we're a part of," says Raveen Syan, MD, FPMRS.

Cassandra K. Kisby, MD, MS, discusses the Urogynecology study “Impact of Severe Obesity on Major Perioperative Complications for Prolapse Surgery.” 

BMI may increase complications for prolapse surgery

 discusses the take-home message from the 

study “Impact of Severe Obesity on Major Perioperative Complications for Prolapse Surgery.” Kisby is an assistant professor of obstetrics and gynecology, obstetrics and gynecology, and urogynecology at Duke University in Durham, North Carolina.

What are some next steps following this research?

I don't want to overstate our outcomes, because this really is a national database study. It's a good place to start, but I think it would be optimal to have a multicenter prospective study looking to see if there's a similar association. Furthermore, we use BMI as a dichotomous variable, and there are some statistical downsides to that. There are a lot of more complex modeling techniques that I think could be utilized to evaluate associations.

What is the take-home message for the practicing urologist?

I don't think 1 database study creates dogma, but I do think we can share these data with our patients and talk to them about treatment options and risk, have that difficult conversation about how BMI may be associated with that risk. For some patients, this will be motivating. They might opt for lifestyle changes prior to their prolapse surgery. However, [for] patients who do have a BMI over 40 [and] opt for laparoscopic or robotic surgery for their prolapse, I would thoroughly counsel them on risks as well as involve their primary care providers or any subspecialist providers who are caring for them to optimize any of their medical comorbidities.

It's our job and we took an oath to do no harm, and we as surgeons, we really want to fix things, we want to fix the prolapse. We need to have the hard conversations about some sensitive topics though around surgery, things like weight and perioperative morbidity. And when these things are broached very gracefully, patients often appreciate it and are thankful for the information.

"I don't think 1 database study creates dogma, but I do think we can share these data with our patients and talk to them about treatment options and risk, have that difficult conversation about how BMI may be associated with that risk," says Cassandra K. Kisby, MD, MS.

Cassandra K. Kisby, MD, MS, discusses the Urogynecology study “Impact of Severe Obesity on Major Perioperative Complications for Prolapse Surgery.”

Dr. Kisby on obesity in patients undergoing prolapse surgery

 shares the background and notable findings from the 

Please describe the background for this study.

"The most important thing that I think came out of this study is really the BMI inflection point for complications. We saw an abrupt rise in complications around a BMI of 40," says Cassandra K. Kisby, MD, MS.

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