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Agent Orange linked to high-grade prostate cancer
A recent analysis has found a link between exposure to the herbicide known as Agent Orange and lethal forms of prostate cancer among U.S. veterans.
A recent analysis has found a link between exposure to the herbicide known as Agent Orange and lethal forms of prostate cancer among U.S. veterans.
The findings, which were published online in Cancer (May 13, 2013), suggest that Agent Orange exposure history should be incorporated into prostate screening decisions for veterans.
Prior research suggests that exposure to Agent Orange may increase men’s risk of developing prostate cancer, but it is unclear whether it specifically increases risk of developing lethal forms of the disease.
“This is an important distinction, as the majority of prostate cancer cases are non-lethal and thus do not necessarily require detection or therapy. Having a means of specifically detecting life-threatening cancer would improve the effectiveness of screening and treatment of prostate cancer,” said principal investigator Mark Garzotto, MD, of the Portland Veterans Administration Medical Center and Oregon Health & Science University, Portland.
To look for a link between Agent Orange exposure and high-grade prostate cancer, first author Nathan Ansbaugh, MPH, designed and conducted analyses on a group of 2,720 U.S. veterans who were referred by multiple providers for initial prostate biopsy. Biopsy results and clinical information were compiled for analysis by Dr. Garzotto.
Prostate cancer was diagnosed in 896 patients (32.9%); 459 (16.9%) had high-grade disease. Agent Orange exposure was linked with a 52% increase in overall risk of prostate cancer detection by biopsy. Exposure to the herbicide did not confer an increase in risk of low-grade prostate cancer, but it was linked with a 75% increase in risk of high-grade prostate cancer. In addition, Agent Orange exposure was associated with more than a twofold increase in the highest-grade, most lethal cancers.
This study indicates that determining men’s Agent Orange exposure status is a readily identifiable means of improving prostate cancer screening for veterans, allowing for earlier detection and treatment of lethal cases, and potentially prolonging survival and improving quality of life.
“It also should raise awareness about potential harms of chemical contaminants in biologic agents used in warfare and the risks associated with waste handling and other chemical processes that generate dioxin or dioxin-related compounds,” said Dr. Garzotto.
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