Prostate Cancer

African-American men with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer who were treated with abiraterone acetate (ZYTIGA) or enzalutamide (XTANDI) and who had not received prior chemotherapy lived 20% longer over 5 years compared with their Caucasian counterparts.

Nearly 90% of men with hormone-sensitive prostate cancer (HSPC) who initiate androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) have at least one bone metabolism biomarker that is elevated. 

Inflammatory bowel disease increases the risk of any and clinically significant prostate cancer, according to an examination of data from a large, single medical network.

"Patients with favorable-risk disease who have a DNA repair mutation should be counseled that there is a significantly increased risk of reclassification with AS," writes Stacy Loeb, MD, MSc.

Men with prostate cancer who are carriers of germline pathogenic mutations in the DNA repair genes BRCA1/2 and ATM are at increased risk for grade reclassification during active surveillance, according to research reported by H. Ballentine Carter, MD, at the 2018 AUA annual meeting in San Francisco.

Among the treatment options for intermediate-risk prostate cancer, brachytherapy is associated with the lowest 10-year rate of severe urinary complications while radical prostatectomy most often resulted in the use of devices to treat erectile dysfunction, according to findings from a retrospective analysis of patients who underwent treatment between 2004 and 2007.

Active surveillance rates among African-American men with low-risk prostate cancer tripled over a 5-year period in the United States beginning in 2010, which suggests that AS is viewed as a safe management option regardless of race.

"Just like I’ve learned that the grass really isn’t any greener on the other side, I am learning that life in the trenches of urology, as a small-town urologist, isn't exactly what I thought it would be when I was a resident," writes Dr. Rosevear.

Enzalutamide (XTANDI) added to androgen deprivation therapy significantly extended radiographic progression-free survival compared with ADT alone in a phase III study of men with metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer.

A higher OncotypeDX Genomic Prostate Score is associated with an increased risk of adverse pathology in patients who undergo delayed radical prostatectomy after a period of active surveillance.

Active surveillance is only moderately able to reduce the harmful effects of prostate cancer overdiagnosis from PSA testing, according to an analysis of the long-term outcomes of men enrolled in the Prostate Cancer Research International Active Surveillance program.

According to the updated report from the Prostate Cancer Intervention versus Observation Trial (PIVOT), radical prostatectomy had no significant benefit over observation for reducing mortality among men with clinically localized disease.

Test your knowledge of the ASTRO/ASCO/AUA guideline for use of hypofractionated radiation therapy in localized prostate cancer.

"This study highlights the need for each practice to perform a self-audit of its AS protocol and take all necessary measures to ensure that patients are not lost during the monitoring period," writes Badar M. Mian, MD.

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Christopher P. Filson, MD, MS, Adam Kibel, MD, and Stacy Loeb, MD, MS, highlight the year’s most important advances in the disease state.

The public health impact of increasing paternal age requires further investigation, and clinicians should discuss with their patients the potential impact older fathers may have on their children, according to researchers at Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA.

To help the modern urologist, we list and briefly review the best apps to get urologists at all levels of expertise through their day.

Markers of bone metabolism improved in men with metastatic castration-refractory prostate cancer who received radium-223 (Xofigo) in addition to enzalutamide (XTANDI) compared with enzalutamide alone.

Latin-American men are less likely than non-Latin-American Caucasian men to receive guideline-recommended definitive treatment for high-risk localized prostate cancer, according to a recent study.

"Utilization analysis of health care resources must be free of bias, methodologically sound, and relevant to current practice," writes Deepak A. Kapoor, MD.

Patients who receive a radiation oncology consultation after being diagnosed with localized prostate cancer are much more likely to receive active therapy than men managed only by a urologist, and the men seen by a radiation oncologist are particularly likely to be treated with radiation therapy, according to a Canadian population-based, retrospective cohort study.

Phase III data indicate benefit only for a subset of patients.

"The list of methods and biomarkers to help patients and physicians decide whether to perform biopsy is continuously evolving," writes Sigrid Carlsson, MD, PhD, MPH.

Results of a prospective, multicenter study validate the clinical performance of a PSA isoform assay (IsoPSA) for predicting high-grade prostate cancer, Eric A. Klein, MD, reported at the AUA annual meeting in San Francisco.

In men undergoing prostate biopsy, use of prophylactic antibiotics has been increasing appropriately over time, and fluoroquinolones still dominate, results of an insurance claims database analysis show.

A multi-institutional consortium study conducted to fill a gap in knowledge about long-term outcomes of stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) for low- and intermediate-risk prostate cancer shows that both the long-term efficacy and safety of SBRT compare favorably with the profiles of other established radiotherapy modalities.

A single baseline PSA measurement taken during midlife strongly predicted the subsequent diagnosis of aggressive prostate cancer up to 12 years later among African-American men in the U.S.

"While there was no further reduction of prostate cancer risk after finasteride was discontinued, there was also no evidence that stopping finasteride resulted in more cases of prostate cancer," writes Badar M. Mian, MD.