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Standard Treatment Options for BCG-Unresponsive NMIBC

Key Takeaways

  • Intravesical chemotherapy aims to reduce recurrence and progression but may have limited efficacy and potential side effects.
  • PD-L1 inhibitors enhance immune response but can cause immune-related adverse events and have variable patient response.
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Katie S. Murray, DO, reviews the standard treatment options for BCG-unresponsive non–muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC), including intravesical chemotherapy, PD-L1 inhibitors, and other immunotherapeutic agents while highlighting the limitations of these therapies, such as incomplete response rates and potential adverse effects.

  1. Please review the standard treatment options (intravesical chemotherapy, PD-L1 inhibitors, other immunotherapeutic options) currently available for patients with BCG-unresponsive NMIBC.
    1. What limitations do these options have?
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